BROGA HILL

SEBELUM CUTI SEM YANG LEPAS, BROGA NI LA TEMPAT YANG SEMPAT AKU P BSAME DORG. TGK AK BUAT GAYA TERBANG TUH, MAKSUDYE DA SAMPAI PUNCAK BUKIT LA TUH.

WALAUPUN ABIH KEDIT RM15 AK ROGER BUDAK2 NI TP BEBALOI. XDE HAL LA NK ROGER LEN KALI...

YANG PLG BEST TU SOLAT SUBUH XTINGGAL PULAK TUH. SOLEH GAK KAMI... DE MASJID KT KG. TERPENCIL AREA SEMENYIH TU SEMPAT KITORG SINGGAH TUK SOLAT.

LAM KOL 6.30 DA PANJAT BUKIT GNE KAKI NGN TGN SBB CURAM SGT. DAK2 MARATHON N BASKETBALL PN X FIT, AK JGK YANG FIT WPN SWIMMER...TGK BDN TUH, XNMPK MCM SWIMMER SBB CIKEDENG LG, UMMI AKU CKP DA KAWIN T BDN BESAR LA. JGN DUK SIBUK NK BLI SUSU PROTEIN TUK NEK KN BDN..AK PON MENURUT PERINTAH LA, TGGU LA DA KAWIN T EK. SAKSIKAN BDN AK VERSI TUFTY...ABIH ANAK DARA SUME TERBELIAK!!HAHA
AT LAST KAMI DA BYK BEGAMBAR THEN TRUN LAM KOL 9 LBEY. DA CERAH XBEST LA LME2, BAU2 BDN DA MULA NAEK DA...MASA TUK LEK UMA N MANDI....

Last day kt uniten sblom cuti raya

ok, bagus la dpt cuti raya 2mggu,,,,kepada lecturer yg xnk cancel class tu maaf zahir batin la ye,,ak mmg xnk g class korg sebab ak mau raya,,,

seb bek mlm ni ak still kt sni, sempat gak nk abih kn sisa2 masa ak ngn dak2 serumah... swim mlm ni last event, sok pg da invi da muka ak kt ruma ni....

btw, SELAMAT MENYAMBUT EIDUL FITR,,,,

"elakkan men mercun, da melecur nanti xcun"

9th week of the internship

This week, I had assisted Khairul Azmi to complete the proposed Master Document register for Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal. This document contains the tasks to be done in certain project. The tasks are divided into several parts. Engineering procedures, operation procedures, welding procedures, QAQC procedures, marine procedure and as built report are the parts in the Master Document.

I also had been assigned by Azly Othman to do the weight calculation for the A-Frame pontoon. The calculation need to be done by each part. Then, he reviewed my calculation and used it as his reference for him because of some changes on the design.

8th week of internship

This week, I had attend the meeting regarding the Sapangar project. In this meeting, certain issue had been reviewed for the improvement. The issues reviewed are regarding the vessel to be used for the project, MOB plan suitable date and the selection of the barge with the required specifications to rent for the project.

In the same week, I had been assign to design an A-Frame pontoon for the project to be used.
A-Frame pontoon function to deploy an anchor to the required area.

I used the engineering software (autocad 2007) to design the pontoon.

Here is the drawing that been done after had some discussion with Ahmad Shahir (field engineer) based on his experience on the previous project;











This is the reference for the drawing. A-Frame pontoon that had been used in the previous project.

7th week of internship

This week, I had assisted Ahmad Shahir (field engineer) to complete the procedure for concrete collar installation. I helped him to do the engineering drawing using the engineering software (AUTOCAD 2007). I had learned a lot to familiarize with the software even though I had learned the basic of AUTOCAD during my study in UNITEN.

Below are some of my job done;



This is the concrete collar operation approach that will be implemented in OMBAK project.
The left hand side is the diagram of the barge. The position is as in the drawing. The right hand side is the vessel functioned same as the barge but in the shallow water area.




As above picture, the top one is the installation that will be done by the vessel in the shallow area. The concrete collar will be lifted by the crane from the vessel towards the desired position on the pipeline. The bottom of it is the installation done by the barge. The procedure is the same as the vessel but work done in the water depth more than 1 meter.




This is water jetting method. This method will be implemented towards the buried pipeline to expose the pipeline for the concrete collar installation. The water jet will blow high pressure water to the seabed to expose the pipeline and remove the soils.



Above is the method to measure the spacing of the concrete collar using the 1.5 metres steel bar. the spacing need to achieve 3 meters space between the concrete collar so, the diver need to dummy the steel bar twice on the pipeline to obtain the required space length. Finally, the point will be mark by the floating buoy for the reference point to lower down the concrete collar towards the crews on the vessel.






This is the method to use to lift the concrete collar. The crane hook will be attached by the soft-eye both end sling that had been tied to the shackle. Shackle will be clamp towards the pfeifer quicklift on the concrete collar before lifting.

6th week of Internship

ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURE

Anchor handling is the activities pertaining to mooring, relocating, adjusting, retrieving anchors on barges and workboats.

To handle an anchor, barge should be moored to the exact location with high concerned on the safety issue because the operation is potentially dangerous. To achieve this purpose, the whole move of the barge must methodically plan and prepared to obtain maximum efficiency and safety.

In the planning, things to be considered are the location of the work site, the water depth (whether the barge could attain that depth), type of bottom on location (normally soil), weather condition and approach course.

The anchoring process shall use the suitable type of anchor with enough holding power in the soil condition at the site. This selection will be considered based on the size of the barge.

Anchor pennant buoys are required for deployment and retrieval of anchors to identify the location of the anchor at the seabed. The buoy is painted with visible colour example day glow or international orange.

Anchor winches is the machine that provide the tension on the anchor wire during anchor deployment or relocation and as a machine to retrieve the anchors by reel-in the anchor wire. Anchor wire shall have adequate tension force to hold the anchors.

During the anchor handling process, communication is very crucial to avoid faultiness. Device such as walkie-talkie is commonly used by the crews.

SETTING AND ANCHORING OF ANCHOR

To choose the anchor, holding power is the main thing to be considered. Below is some calculation to determine the holding power:

FLUKE AREA (m²) x PENETRATION (m) = TONS (m³)

Then, the fluke or shank angle should be appropriate with the type of the seabed. Different soil needs different angle of fluke/shank. The principle will be explained below:

1. In hard soil, an anchor with a fluke angle of 32 degrees will give the highest holding power.

2. In hard soil, 50 degree fluke shank angle will obstruct penetration and the anchor will begin to trip, fall aside and slide along the seabed.

3. In mud, 32 degree fluke shank angle will not penetrate sufficiently.

STEVTENSIONER

Stevtensioner is used for tensioning anchor cables. This is the case when insufficient powerful equipment was installed or the installation of powerful equipment was too expensive.

The full anchor system will be tensioned before linking up and fully ready for the arrival of the floating object, vessel or buoy at the anchor location. Then, it is secured by immediate link-up.

The dead end of the passive chain is connected to the tensioner. The work chain, B is led through the tensioner.

PRINCIPLE:

· When pulling vertical direction on the work chain, tensioner will be lift up. The chain will experience the stretching.

· When no more stretching is possible, tensioner will be moved upward by the vertical force.

· The tensioner does not allow the chain to slide back, so the horizontal chains will drag the anchors into the soil. Consequently the holding power of the anchors increases.

MULTI TENSIONER

Multi tensioner will tension multiple anchor lines in the installation phase and offers permanent fixation of a web of anchor lines near the sea floor. Anchors, multi tensioner and sub-sea buoy have have been combined in a new cost effective alternative mooring. The advantages of the system are most evident in moorings in deep water. New applications have been described for the mooring of production and tension leg platforms with special attention paid to simple installation methods without the use of divers.

PRINCIPLE:

(Based on the development of the stevtensioner)

Multi-tensioner handles multiple lines and consists of one chain locking device per anchor line situated for instance on a ring (figure) or mounted like a Christmas tree around a vertical pipe member. The chain locking devices can also be attached to the base of a floating tower or ballast frame for a tension leg platform. To allow motion in the vertical plane they can be fixed on hinges.

MOORING LINES

Mooring systems are designed with sufficient strength to maintain a unit on location under all circumstances. The design calculations must accommodate conditions met in worst weather.

Commonly, most rigs were equipped with chains as mooring lines. In deep water, the mooring lines were replaced by composite mooring system because;

· The weight of the chain made handling impossible

· Once the mooring line was installed there was a very steep chain angle near the fairlead due to the chain’s weight. This rendered the movement of the rig unacceptable due to the wind and waves.

To solve this problem, a composite mooring system will be used.

Some suggestions which influence the catenary and consequently the forces in the mooring system are given below;

1) The buoy can be connected to the anchor line by means of a special permanent chain lock-chaser.

2) When using relatively long mooring lines in shallow waters, the effect of the rig movement on the systems can be optimized by applying a ballast weight within the system.

3) To optimize the chain or rig angle a combination of buoy and ballast permits a closer rig mooring.

BREAKING OUT FORCES

Breaking out forces is related to the holding power applied. If an anchor has not penetrated too deeply (thus giving a low holding efficiency) it can easily be broken out. Consequently, some users apply oversized anchors. However if an anchor has penetrated deeply and has been subjected to a high load, it will then be proportionally more difficult to break out.

Second factor influencing the forces required for breaking out is the design of the anchor.

The types of soil clearly influence breaking out forces, regardless of the anchor type.

· In sandy soils, the breaking out force is approximately 12-17% of the load held.

· In clay it is 60%

· In soft soils it will be even higher

· In sticky soils it can exceed 100%

(These approximations are applicable to any anchor type.)

5th Week of Internship

In oil and gas, pipeline is not laid alone on the ground or seabed. Sometimes, it will be clamped with the other pipe or cable along the pipeline. Pipeline clamp exist in various types. Some of them are piggy back clamps, riser clamps and umbilical clamp.





Piggyback clamping system uses a moulded saddle, tailored to the radius of the main line and is secured by circumferential straps. The saddle, which encompasses the secondary line holding it in place, has an axial split on its base to allow easy installation of the secondary line.



Clamps can be manufactured from various materials, including rubber, polypropylene and polyurethane elastomer and etc.







Metallic straps are offered in carbon steel, stainless steel or inconel depending on the specified design life of the system with Kevlar straps also as an option.



The other type of clamp is bundle clamp. It is for small bore service and injection lines that are secured at regular intervals to provide an effective solution to laying subsea lines simultaneously.









These lines will remain on the seabed. Certain cases, pipeline will be buried under the seabed to avoid the external forces that may cause harm to the pipeline. For example, fishing activity, anchor drop and drag from the vessel and etc.

4th week internship

Before I proceed for the 4th week of internship, i would like to update the last week task perform by me.

On last friday(23/4/2010), I've been working from 9a.m till 9.30p.m because i'm assisting Mr. Azlan to complete the tender. I've been assign to do the photocopy of the tender and organize the tender based on the partition given. During completing the task, I had noticed the tender is regarding the pigging. All the priced and the specifications is explained in the tender. All the principles and procedures also being briefed in the tender.

On monday(26/4/2010) this week, I had a medical leave due to my illness and unavailability to go to work.

On Tuesday(27/4/2010), there aren't much to do because of my illness. I just read the article regarding trenching operation from the previous tender to understand the principle of the trenching machine. I also had accompanying Pn. Noraini(logistic) to the commissioner of oath at kelana jaya to get the chop and signature for declaration of our barge is able to be used in the next project.





Here is the drawing of the trenching machine of our company. Our trenching machine is using the water to blow the seabed for the trench activity.

On Wednesday(28 April 2010), I feel very diligent. I just finished my research on the trenching activity with supported photos for trenching activity. All the info have been filed to prepare to do the report after finish the internship. Here are the photos;

1)



Here is the baby barge that will be used to place the equipments for trenching activity. We called it baby barge due to its size that it smaller than the standard barge. All the equipments will be welded on this barge.

2)


This photo shows the equipments is being installed on the baby barge. The blue box is the hydraulic pump and winches is installed to each edge of the barge. The silver colour behind the air compressor is the water jetting pump to pump the water into the trencher during trenching.

3)


Here are the installation pictures...


4)


The baby barge is being installed and ready for the work.


Tomorrow I will proceed the explanation on the trenching work...

to be continued......

3rd week of the internship.

Begin from monday 19 April 2010, I've been assigned to submit the quotation for the trenching project (Sapangar, Sabah) at the Sapura building@mines. This quotation is proposed for the bidding session with other contractors to compete for the tender. The lowest price proposed and very good reputation of the company is the criteria to win this bidding.

In the evening, I've been attending the meeting for purpose of postmortem from the previous project in MIRI, Sarawak. There we discussed the weakness of the previous project to be improvised. We proceed the meeting till 9.30p.m for the coming project that is Sapangar project. We discuss the method to implement in that project before proposed it to our client (Petronas carigali SDN. BHD or PCSB) on the next day.



On the Tuesday (20 April2010), We as OMBAK MARINE GROUP team consist of 7 people including me had been attending the meeting with our client, PCSB at KLCC meeting room. There we have a lot of discussion regarding the coming project. En. Anwar from PCSB is the person in charge for the project. He will monitor our working procedures and the project will done within the schedule period. The issue during the meeting is either use concrete collar method or grouting method for the pipeline installation before we proceed to do trenching work.

The meeting end during the lunch hour. Then, we had a lunch and met with the supplier for the grouting method at mutiara Damansara to have a deep knowledge for that method. After got a lot of info, we decide to proceed with the concrete collar method which is practicable compared to grouting method.

On 21 April 2010, I've been assign to complete the organization chart for the Sapangar project. I also compile their CV before submit it to the PCSB for the prove we could manage this project.

ISO project for 2nd week intership

Suddenly, today I got ISO project to be done due on june. This morning we had a meeting regarding this project. The task should be start now... This project will replace all my Internship period in OMBAK, perhaps my experience in OMBAK is doing the ISO project but not being exposed in oil and gas industry... For me, it is okay but I will steal my time to expose my self in oil and gas because I don't wanna loose my opportunity to get along with the experienced engineer in this company. I want to know every scope of the company projects until I could explain to the others by my self regarding the projects done in this company because during presentation soon, we need to explain to the lecturer about our role in the company and understanding of the company vision and mission. Today, I've get through the requirements for the task and tomorrow I will ask my Manager Representative(MR) to start the task given..

si semalam....

kali ni dalam versi bahasa melayu pula. Yes, mmg semalam kitorg dpt 1 task sal research in upstream line. hahaha musti korg ternganga ble dngr term tu kn. Sebenarye, upstream ni melibat kn exploration and production lam oil and gas ni. apekah exploration dan apekah production kn? ok2, exploration tu mcm satu company akn search sesuatu tempat tuk buat projek minyak nih. production pulak, set up equipment n mcm2 lagi kt site yg dah berjaya di temui tuh la...cmtu la basic research kitorg.


En. Zamri yg bg tugas ni. yela, dia general manager kt sni. so dia bole bg pape tugasan kt kitorg. memang la x sibuk ble dpt 1 task je, da bese ngn projek belambak kt uniten tuh. tp disebabkn xsibuk ni la jd mls...haduiiii, perangai yg xley di ubah. ok la, xperlu menulis panjg sbb kj pon xsiap nih. due date selasa dpn, kami kne struggle sbb bnd ni leceh...ok la, tu je...bye2....

Hot tapping and Pigging

Yesterday, I had learned about the HOT TAPPING and PIPELINE INSPECTION GAUGE (PIG). This method is used in oil and gas industry and it is definitely under piping work. I will explain a little bit for both methods later. For recap, my previous post is about the barge, davit (crane frame), trencher and trenching method (video). Those were a few things that is related to the offshore work. Now, let us get familiar with another method.

The method is

Hot tapping, or pressure tapping. It is the method of making a connection to existing piping or vessels without the interruption of emptying that section of pipe or vessel. Hot tapping is also the first procedure in line stopping, where a hole saw is used to make an opening in the pipe, so a line plugging head can be inserted. You don't need to be confuse because my video here will explain every things about the process.

(hot tapping video)….

Hot tapping can be performed on pipes carrying natural gas, water, sewage, steam, petroleum products, and chemicals, and on any type of pipe.

Second thing is pigging. A pipeline inspection gauge or pig in the pipeline industry is a tool that is sent down a pipeline and propelled by the pressure of the product in the pipeline itself. There are four main uses for pigs:

1. physical separation between different liquids being transported in pipelines;
2. internal cleaning of pipelines;
3. inspection of the condition of pipeline walls (also known as an Inline Inspection (ILI) tool);
4. Capturing and recording geometric information relating to pipelines (e.g. size, position).

Pig is been made with several of material. One kind pig is a soft, bullet shaped polyurethane

foam plug that is forced through pipelines to separate products to reduce mixing.

There are several types of pigs for cleaning. Some have tungsten

studs or abrasive wire mesh on the outside to cut rust, scale, or paraffin deposits off the inside of the pipe. Others are plain plastic covered polyurethane.

Pigs cannot be used in pipelines that have butterfly valves but it can used in the ball valves. Butterfly valves have a plate inside it that can block the movement of the pig.

Butterfly valve 1

ball valve 1

Inline inspection pigs use various methods for inspecting a pipeline. A sizing pig uses one (or more) notched round metal plates that are used as gauges. The notches allow different parts of the plate to bend when a bore restriction is encountered. More complex systems exist for inspecting various aspects of the pipeline.

Intelligent pigs, also called smart pigs, are used to inspect the pipeline with sensors and record the data for later analysis. These pigs use technologies such as Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonics to inspect the pipeline. Intelligent pigs may also use calipers to measure the inside geometry of the pipeline.

pig inside the pipe

pig receiver

pigging process